Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

A researcher observes that a cell placed in a solution swells and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

By physically interacting with substrates to stabilize the transition state.

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of cholesterol in its plasma membrane. What effect does this have on membrane fluidity at low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), temperature ($$T$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 7

Which process allows cells to import large molecules such as proteins across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 8

A scientist is studying the movement of sodium ions across a cell membrane. Which type of transport is most likely involved if the sodium ions move against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Second Law of Thermodynamics as it applies to living systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy transformations in living systems increase the entropy of the universe.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP hydrolysis in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that is directly used to drive endergonic reactions via energy coupling.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a second messenger in cell signaling pathways?

Accepted Answer

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks the function of aquaporins. What is the most likely effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of water transport across the plasma membrane

Question 15

Which of the following statements about competitive inhibition of enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Certain organelles in eukaryotic cells originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of energy coupling in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Using energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive active transport of ions against their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient via specific membrane proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct cytoplasmic communication between adjacent cells.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about allosteric regulation of enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric activators increase enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the active site.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Membranes, Communication, and Metabolism Study Guide

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