Question 1

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the rate of diffusion of a solute across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the size of the solute molecules

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a membrane protein

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) of a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which of the following would most likely be observed in this patient’s cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production due to reduced oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is produced as a result of the oxidation of succinate?

Accepted Answer

Fumarate

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is necessary in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD$$^+$$, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary function of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 11

A poison that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain would result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A buildup of NADH and FADH$$_2$$ and a decrease in ATP production

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct net equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the citric acid cycle is considered a cycle?

Accepted Answer

The final product, oxaloacetate, is regenerated and used to combine with acetyl-CoA to start the cycle again

Question 15

Which of the following statements about allosteric enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric enzymes can be regulated by molecules that bind to sites other than the active site, changing the enzyme's activity

Question 16

In the electron transport chain, what is the main purpose of pumping protons (H$$^+) $$across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 19

Which of the following is the first stable intermediate of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Citrate

Question 20

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen. Which of the following will most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell will switch to lactic acid fermentation to regenerate NAD$$^+$$

General Biology: Cellular Processes, Enzymes, and Respiration Study Guide

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