Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'structure and function' in biology?

Accepted Answer

The shape of an enzyme's active site determines its specificity for substrates.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant species grows taller in the presence of a specific fungus. She hypothesizes that the fungus provides nutrients to the plant. Which type of reasoning is she using to form her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule $$\rightarrow$$ Organelle $$\rightarrow$$ Cell $$\rightarrow$$ Tissue

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar molecule and does not form hydrogen bonds.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded; RNA contains ribose sugar and is single-stranded.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

A functioning heart can pump blood, but individual heart cells cannot.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more stable and keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 9

A patient is given a radioactive isotope of carbon for a PET scan. Which property of isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons, some of which are unstable and emit radiation.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein — Amino acid

Question 12

A mutation changes the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

All levels: secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth by giving one group fertilizer and another group no fertilizer, while keeping all other conditions the same.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Forming the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The attraction between sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$and chloride ions ($$Cl^-) in $$table salt.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system maintains blood pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

General Biology: Core Themes, Chemistry of Life, and Macromolecules

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