Q: Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis in the context of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions join monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of glycosidic linkages. Which class of biological molecules would be most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are usually liquid.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a plant cell.

Question 6

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst because water will move into the cell by osmosis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, both against their concentration gradients.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer, giving the membrane fluidity.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly.

Question 12

A metabolic pathway in a cell is regulated by feedback inhibition. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The end product of the pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolic pathways use energy to build complex molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer.

General Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Biomolecules, Cells, Membranes, Metabolism, and Respiration

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