Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles in bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

The lytic cycle results in the immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle allows the viral genome to persist in the host without killing it.

Question 2

A restriction enzyme recognizes the following DNA sequence: 5'-GAATTC-3'. Which of the following best describes this sequence?

Accepted Answer

It is a palindrome because it reads the same 5' to 3' on both strands.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a bacterial immune system that uses RNA-guided nucleases to target and cut foreign DNA.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the flu vaccine does not guarantee immunity from the flu each year?

Accepted Answer

The flu virus mutates rapidly, leading to antigenic variation.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a neurodegenerative disorder. Which infectious agent is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

A prion, which is a misfolded protein.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants?

Accepted Answer

Fungi increase water and nutrient absorption for plants, while receiving carbohydrates from the plant.

Question 7

Which fungal group is responsible for producing the majority of known antibiotics, such as penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Ascomycetes

Question 8

Ergotism, a condition historically linked to the Salem witch trials, is caused by ingestion of grains infected with which fungus?

Accepted Answer

Claviceps purpurea

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between protostome and deuterostome development?

Accepted Answer

In protostomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth; in deuterostomes, it becomes the anus.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why surface area to volume ratio is important for animal physiology?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of gases and nutrients.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about Hox genes in animal development?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the body plan by controlling the expression of other genes along the anterior-posterior axis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to the phylum Cnidaria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of cnidocytes, specialized stinging cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

In an open system, hemolymph bathes organs directly; in a closed system, blood circulates within vessels.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an animal with incomplete metamorphosis?

Accepted Answer

Grasshopper

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the radula in molluscs?

Accepted Answer

It is a rasping, tongue-like organ used for feeding.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about lichens is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lichens are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes horizontal transmission of a virus in plants?

Accepted Answer

The virus is transmitted between individuals through external means, such as insects or wounds.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

They possess a cuticle that is periodically molted during growth.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why HIV is particularly difficult to treat?

Accepted Answer

HIV has a high mutation rate, which allows it to evade the immune system and develop drug resistance.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about diploblastic versus triploblastic animals?

Accepted Answer

Diploblastic animals have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm), while triploblastic animals have three (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).

General Biology Exam 3 Review: Viruses, Fungi, and Animal Diversity

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