Q: Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration, and is the process overall exothermic or endothermic?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$; exothermic

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between potential and kinetic energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A glucose molecule storing energy in its chemical bonds is potential energy, while a muscle contracting to move a limb is kinetic energy.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is an example of an exergonic reaction, and what is the sign of its free energy change ($$\Delta G$$)?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP; $$\Delta G is $$negative

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy currency by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules, a process called phosphorylation.

Question 5

Which of the following factors can denature an enzyme, rendering it nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

High temperature, extreme pH, and heavy metal ions

Question 6

A scientist adds a molecule to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The molecule binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding, but does not alter the enzyme's shape. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration, and is the process overall exothermic or endothermic?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$; exothermic

Question 8

During a redox reaction, which statement is true regarding the oxidizing and reducing agents?

Accepted Answer

The oxidizing agent is reduced, and the reducing agent is oxidized.

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP yield?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces significantly more ATP per glucose molecule than either type of anaerobic respiration.

Question 10

Which stage of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most ATP, and by what process?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis; oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

A poison that blocks the electron transport chain in mitochondria will have which of the following effects on a cell?

Accepted Answer

It will prevent the production of most ATP, leading to cell death.

Question 12

Which of the following is a component shared by both cellular respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 13

Where in a plant cell is the majority of chlorophyll found?

Accepted Answer

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts

Question 14

What is the primary function of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

To allow gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the location and process in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes; Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.

Question 16

Which pigment is most abundant in plants and primarily responsible for absorbing light energy for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 17

What is the overall balanced equation for photosynthesis, and is the process overall endothermic or exothermic?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$; endothermic

Question 18

During the Calvin cycle, which enzyme is essential for carbon fixation, and how many turns of the cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco; 6 turns

Question 19

How do plants help mitigate climate change caused by increased atmospheric CO$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

By absorbing CO$$_2$$ during photosynthesis and converting it into organic molecules

Question 20

Photorespiration in plants is considered wasteful because:

Accepted Answer

It consumes O$$_2$$ and releases CO$$_2$$ without producing ATP or sugar.

General Biology Exam 3 Study Guide: Energy, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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