Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main components that make up a cell?

Accepted Answer

Membrane and genetic material (such as DNA/genes)

Question 2

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, while eukaryotes have a nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following factors would most likely increase the fluidity of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 4

A scientist is studying the movement of water across a cell membrane. Which process is primarily responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why small nonpolar molecules pass more easily through the lipid bilayer than large polar molecules?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic core of the membrane repels polar molecules

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP transfers energy to drive endergonic reactions

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction

Question 10

A researcher observes that a reaction in a cell is exergonic. Which of the following must be true about the free energy change ($$\Delta G) $$for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$negative

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cells couple exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

To use the energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

A cell needs to import large particles, such as bacteria. Which process will it most likely use?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a real-life scenario involving osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A red blood cell placed in pure water swells and bursts

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to function

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the transition state in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

The high-energy intermediate between reactants and products

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Adding a competitive inhibitor

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between potential and kinetic energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes

General Biology Exam Study Guide: Cells, Membranes, and Metabolism

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