Q: A population of birds has a carrying capacity ($$K) of 500. If $$the current population size ($$N) is 250 $$and the intrinsic rate of increase ($$r) is 0.1$$, what is the expected population growth rate according to the logistic growth model?

$$dN \\over dt = 0.1 \\times 250 \\times (1 - 250 \\over 500) = 12.5$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synapomorphy that unites all animals?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity with cells lacking cell walls

Question 2

A biologist is studying a fungus that forms a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake. What is this relationship called?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizae

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the difference between fundamental and realized niches?

Accepted Answer

The realized niche is the actual set of conditions used by a species, limited by biotic interactions such as competition.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents exponential population growth?

Accepted Answer

$$dN \over dt = rN$$

Question 5

A population of rabbits is limited by food availability. As the population increases, birth rates decrease and death rates increase. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Density-dependent regulation

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between r-selected and K-selected species?

Accepted Answer

r-selected species produce many offspring with little parental care.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a major threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity

Question 8

During the Cambrian explosion, which of the following occurred?

Accepted Answer

A rapid diversification of animal body plans

Question 9

Which of the following best describes net primary productivity (NPP)?

Accepted Answer

The energy remaining after cellular respiration by primary producers

Question 10

A scientist wants to predict which biome is represented by a particular region. Which two abiotic factors should they primarily consider?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and precipitation

Question 11

Which of the following equations would you use to calculate the per capita growth rate ($$r) of a $$population?

Accepted Answer

$$r = b - d$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

Accepted Answer

Barnacles attaching to a whale without harming it

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of ecological succession after a forest fire?

Accepted Answer

Secondary succession, starting from existing soil

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the phosphorus cycle that distinguishes it from the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus does not have a significant atmospheric component

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sexual selection can lead to traits that decrease survival?

Accepted Answer

Traits favored by sexual selection may increase reproductive success even if they reduce survival

Question 16

A population of birds has a carrying capacity ($$K) of 500. If $$the current population size ($$N) is 250 $$and the intrinsic rate of increase ($$r) is 0.1$$, what is the expected population growth rate according to the logistic growth model?

Accepted Answer

$$dN \over dt = 0.1 \times 250 \times (1 - 250 \over 500) = 12.5$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor affecting population size?

Accepted Answer

A hurricane

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the value of biodiversity to humans?

Accepted Answer

Biodiversity supports ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowering plants

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter

General Biology: Final Exam Study Notes (Fungi, Animal Diversity, Ecology, and Ecosystems)

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