Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic number?

$$\text{Atomic number} = \text{Number of protons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 3

A scientist observes that penicillin kills certain bacteria but not human cells. Which cellular structure is most likely responsible for this selective toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monomers to form a polymer and releasing water.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic number?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic number} = 	ext{Number of protons}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 7

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood cells. What will happen to the cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain the same size.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have straight chains that pack tightly, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinks due to double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is a polymer and its corresponding monomer?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose and glucose

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet.

Question 13

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following is the scientific name for humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cilia in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Moving substances across the cell surface.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium.

Question 19

Why is sea water dangerous to drink for humans?

Accepted Answer

It is hypertonic to human cells, causing dehydration.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important for cellular activity?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Cell Structure Study Guide

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