$$\text{Polymer} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2$$

$$\text{Atomic Number} = \text{Number of Protons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 3

A scientist observes that penicillin kills certain bacteria but not human cells. What is the most likely explanation for this selective toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a component of bacterial cell walls.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis reaction of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A cell in an isotonic solution will maintain its normal shape because water movement is balanced.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is dangerous to drink in excessive amounts?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to hyponatremia, where blood sodium levels become dangerously low due to dilution.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 11

Which of the following is a polymer and its corresponding monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein and amino acid

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why human cells do not have flagella, but some bacteria do?

Accepted Answer

Flagella are specialized structures for movement found in certain bacteria and some human cells, but not all human cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of Neutrons} = 	ext{Mass Number} - 	ext{Atomic Number}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solute molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium.

Question 16

Which of the following is the main function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why margarine is solid at room temperature while olive oil is liquid?

Accepted Answer

Margarine contains more saturated fatty acids, which pack tightly together.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They create a semi-permeable bilayer that allows selective movement of substances.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of classification categories from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Cell Structure Study Guide

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