Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction of individual components, resulting in new functions at higher levels of organization.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of light intensity on plant growth. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence.

Question 5

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 6

What is the valence electron configuration for carbon ($$Z = 6$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$ $$2s^2$$ $$2p^2$$

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Water has a high specific heat. Which property of water molecules is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the hydrogen bonds forming a lattice structure.

Question 10

Which equation represents the dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move laterally.

Question 13

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Question 14

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

Which organelle is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 16

Which theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiont theory

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of bulk transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of large molecules or particles via endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a unifying theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of only one cell type

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Principles

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