$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{number of protons} + \text{number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are made of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which scientist(s) proposed that DNA is a double-stranded helix?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 3

A hypothesis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A testable proposal with explanation based on previous knowledge or observations.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to form crystals

Question 5

The central dogma of molecular biology describes:

Accepted Answer

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to dissolve ions and other polar molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{number of protons} + 	ext{number of neutrons}$$

Question 8

If a mutation occurs in DNA that changes a gene's sequence, which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Change in protein shape and function, potentially leading to increased fitness.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by sharing valence electrons between atoms.

Question 11

Which of the following is a prediction that can be tested in an experiment about giraffe neck length?

Accepted Answer

Longer necks allow giraffes to feed on leaves higher in trees.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes are forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help maintain homeostasis by resisting changes in pH.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of molecules in a mole?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of molecules} = 	ext{Avogadro's number} 	imes 	ext{number of moles}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Water can form hydrogen bonds with itself.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the theory of evolution by natural selection is correct?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about exothermic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic reactions release heat.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

General Biology: Foundations, Cell Theory, Evolution, and Chemistry of Life

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