Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary source of energy for most ecosystems on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Light energy from the sun

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain enzyme increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Which property of enzymes does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts

Question 3

Which of the following best reflects the correct hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest scale?

Accepted Answer

Cells — organisms — populations — communities — ecosystems

Question 4

A biologist finds a single-celled organism isolated from an ancient peat bog. It has a cell wall and no nucleus. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes information in the sequence of nucleotides

Question 6

Charles Darwin proposed that 'descent with modification' results when organisms with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce more successfully than others. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 7

Which of the following is a requirement for a good scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must lead to testable predictions

Question 8

The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in the valence shell

Question 9

If an atom has 5 electrons in its outer shell, how many unpaired electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 10

What results from the chemical reaction illustrated when sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl)?

Accepted Answer

Formation of an ionic bond

Question 11

Which type of bond or interaction would be most difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 12

If the pH of a solution is decreased from $$pH\ 7 to$$ $$pH\ 5$$, what does this mean about the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]$$)?

Accepted Answer

It is 100 times greater

Question 13

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers

Question 14

Which monomers make up protein polymers?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 15

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because:

Accepted Answer

Humans have enzymes that hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose

Question 16

Which structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

Accepted Answer

Different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon

Question 17

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide. What primarily stabilizes this structure?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment with at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 19

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the water molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the structure of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure is the result of hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms in the polypeptide chain

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Macromolecules

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