Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier, regulating the movement of substances between the cell and its external environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ Acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino\ Acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, allowing them to dissolve.

Question 7

A mutation changes a DNA base from adenine to guanine. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid's structure?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 9

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Make observations → Form hypothesis → Collect data → Analyze results

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared equally between atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

High surface tension

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 15

Which formula represents the general structure of a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, while saturated fatty acids do not.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of adaptation by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths changing color to blend in with polluted tree bark over generations.

General Biology I: Core Concepts, Learning Objectives, and Study Guide

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