Question 1

Which of the following best describes structural isomers?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of their atoms.

Question 2

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new pain medication. Why must they ensure the medication is the correct enantiomer?

Accepted Answer

Because only one enantiomer may be biologically active, while the other could be inactive or cause harmful effects.

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to increase the solubility of a molecule in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 4

A molecule has the formula $$\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_{10}. $$Which statement is true regarding its isomers?

Accepted Answer

It can have structural isomers with different branching of the carbon skeleton.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cis and trans isomers have different physical properties?

Accepted Answer

Because the spatial arrangement of groups around a double bond affects molecular shape and interactions.

Question 6

Which functional group is defined by the presence of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 7

A molecule contains a phosphate group. Which of the following is a likely property of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be negatively charged and hydrophilic.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about methyl groups is correct?

Accepted Answer

Methyl groups are nonpolar and do not increase water solubility.

Question 9

If a molecule has the same number and types of atoms as another molecule, but a different arrangement of covalent bonds, what are these molecules called?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They determine the chemical reactivity and properties of molecules.

Question 11

A molecule with a hydroxyl group ($$-\mathrm{OH}) is $$added to water. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

It will form hydrogen bonds with water, increasing its solubility.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom ($$\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}).$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why functional groups are important in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

They are specific groups of atoms that confer particular chemical properties to molecules.

Question 14

A molecule with a carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH}) is $$placed in water. What is a likely result?

Accepted Answer

It can donate a proton ($$\mathrm{H}^+$$), acting as an acid.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

They have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangement around a double bond.

Question 16

Which functional group is most likely to be found in the structure of ATP and is key to its energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 17

A molecule contains both a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

It can participate in hydrogen bonding and may be classified as a carbohydrate.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between enantiomers and structural isomers?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are mirror images; structural isomers differ in covalent arrangement.

Question 19

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to form disulfide bonds in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-\mathrm{SH})$$

Question 20

A researcher finds two molecules with the same molecular formula, but one is active as a drug and the other is not. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

They are enantiomers, and only one fits the biological target.

General Biology: Isomers, Functional Groups, and Biologically Important Molecules

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드