Question 1

Which of the following best describes passive transport across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is the diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst due to osmosis.

Question 3

Which statement about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic of lipids and proteins that allows selective permeability.

Question 4

During aerobic respiration, which process produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions.

Question 7

A cell is observed to rapidly engulf large particles from its environment. Which process is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 8

Which statement best explains why enzymes are important in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers.

Question 9

Which process allows cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 10

Which of the following is true about glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It converts glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Question 11

A scientist measures the energy change of a reaction and finds it is negative. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and can occur spontaneously.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It plays a key role by allowing selective communication between the cell and its environment.

Question 13

During photosynthesis, what is the primary function of the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

To capture light energy and produce ATP and NADPH.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO$$_2$$ into glucose.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a rigid layer of carbohydrates.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build molecules.

Question 18

A patient is unable to produce sufficient ATP due to a defect in their mitochondria. Which metabolic process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy of food in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

General Biology: Membranes, Metabolism, Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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