Question 1

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic amino acids are typically found in the interior of globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic amino acids are repelled by water, causing them to cluster away from the aqueous environment.

Question 2

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will most likely affect which of the following parameters?

Accepted Answer

It increases $$K_m$$ but does not change $$V_{max}.$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose, while RNA nucleotides contain ribose.

Question 4

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and how does it affect the structure and function of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4 linkage; it forms straight, rigid fibers that provide structural support in plants.

Question 5

A mutation changes a hydrophobic amino acid in the core of a protein to a hydrophilic one. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may misfold or lose stability due to disruption of hydrophobic interactions.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipid bilayers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayers are amphipathic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the active site in enzyme catalysis?

Accepted Answer

The active site binds substrates and lowers the activation energy ($$E_a) of $$the reaction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight hydrocarbon chains that pack tightly together.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following junctions allows direct cytoplasmic exchange between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules can diffuse freely across the bilayer.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA stores genetic information and catalyzes some reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzyme activation energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a$$), speeding up the reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds connect the 3' carbon of one nucleotide to the 5' phosphate of the next.

General Biology: Molecular and Cellular Foundations Study Guide

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