Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a macromolecule in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 2

Which type of chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 3

A student is analyzing a carbohydrate and finds that it is composed of many glucose units linked together by glycosidic bonds. Which class of carbohydrate does this molecule belong to?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, while saturated fatty acids have only single bonds.

Question 5

Which covalent bond connects nucleotides along a single strand of DNA or RNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

During the conversion of glucose to maltose, which type of reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is a branched polysaccharide found in animals and serves as a major energy storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

A triglyceride is formed by the reaction of which molecules?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow 2C_6H_{12}$$O_6$$}$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures.

Question 12

A DNA molecule contains the following sequence: 5'-ATCG-3'. What is the complementary sequence on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 15

Which process is used by the food industry to convert vegetable oils into solid fats such as margarine?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the orientation of a polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

The chain has a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.

Question 18

Which of the following is a disaccharide commonly found in milk?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water.

General Biology Study Guide: Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids)

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