$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate transport, act as receptors, and participate in cell signaling.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water will move into the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+$$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is necessary in some cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+.$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

They use water and light energy to produce ATP, NADPH, and O$$_2.$$

Question 8

A patient is given a drug that inhibits the enzyme ATP synthase. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The generation of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction in response to epinephrine

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are sensitive to changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

pH changes can denature the enzyme by disrupting ionic and hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP production during glycolysis by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP

Question 14

If a cell is unable to regenerate NAD$$^+$$, which metabolic pathway will be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches a stage of cellular respiration with its location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain – inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks the splitting of water during photosynthesis. Which of the following will be the immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

No oxygen will be released, and the electron transport chain will stop.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD$$^+$$ and produces lactate from pyruvate.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the direction of sodium ion movement by the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions move out of the cell against their concentration gradient.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while photophosphorylation uses NADP$$^+.$$

Question 20

A researcher measures the number of carbon atoms in the intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Which of the following is correct for citrate?

Accepted Answer

Citrate contains 6 carbon atoms.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Membrane Processes, Respiration, Fermentation, and Photosynthesis

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