Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating membrane potential ($$V_m) $$using the Nernst equation?

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smaller size increases the surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient nutrient exchange.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 5

Which type of membrane transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They create a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 9

Which process allows cells to take in large particles, such as bacteria, by engulfing them?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which statement about the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an allosteric inhibitor affecting enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

A molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy; anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating membrane potential ($$V_m) $$using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport substances.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Cells taking in cholesterol via LDL receptors.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the First Law of Thermodynamics and its relevance to metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transferred and transformed, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They act as channels for specific molecules to cross the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated using the energy from electrons transferred through the electron transport chain.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP synthesis and increased fatigue.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

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