Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are more abundant in cardiac muscle cells than in skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells require more energy for continuous contraction, so they need more mitochondria for ATP production.

Question 2

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 5

Which equation correctly calculates the surface area of a sphere?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4\pi r^2$

Question 6

A cell with a high surface area-to-volume ratio is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Exchange materials with its environment more efficiently.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a transport protein, without energy input.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down harmful toxins in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout, allowing lateral movement.

Question 10

Which process requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A scientist observes that sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$move into a cell through a protein channel, but only when ATP is present. Which type of transport is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why estrogens can passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Estrogens are hydrophobic and can dissolve in the lipid bilayer.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of marker proteins (glycoproteins) in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 14

Which organelle would be most abundant in a glandular cell responsible for producing large quantities of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water across the plasma membrane.

Question 16

A cell with a radius of $$2\ \mu m$$ has a surface area of $$A = 4\pi r^2$. What is the surface area?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4\pi (2)^2$ = 16\pi\ \mu m^2$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream

Question 18

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste and old organelles.

Question 19

Which process is used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 20

A scientist calculates the surface area-to-volume ratio for a cell with a surface area of $$24\ cm^2$ and a volume of 8$$\ $$cm^3. $$What is the ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{24}{8} = 3$$

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure and Membrane Transport

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