Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is able to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding, which allows it to absorb and release large amounts of heat with only slight changes in its own temperature.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Which of the following macromolecules could this molecule be a part of?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 3

Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of some insects to walk on water?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, while a hydrogen bond is an attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolarity

Question 9

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 11

A biologist discovers a new macromolecule that is insoluble in water and not made up of repeating monomers. To which class of macromolecules does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the structure of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why carbon is able to form such a diversity of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing for branching, rings, and double bonds.

Question 15

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers minimize changes in pH by accepting or donating H$$^+$$ ions as needed.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the shape of a molecule is important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The shape of a molecule determines how it interacts with other molecules, affecting its biological function.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase the concentration of H$$^+$$ ions in a solution.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a solution in which the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture

General Biology Study Guide: Chemical Context and Molecular Diversity of Life

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