Question 1

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. All other conditions are kept the same. What makes this a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Only one variable is changed while all others are kept constant.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes how a covalent bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

By the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 3

A nucleotide is composed of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 4

A single-celled organism from a deep-sea thermal vent has a cell wall but no nucleus. To which domain does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

All the organisms on your university campus collectively make up which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A community

Question 6

All living things on Earth, along with all the places where life exists, are collectively described by which term?

Accepted Answer

The biosphere

Question 7

According to Darwin, 'descent with modification' occurs because organisms possess which characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Inherited traits that enhance survival and reproduction

Question 8

An ionic bond is formed by which process?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 9

Given only a mass number, one can deduce the number of ________ in each atom of an element.

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Question 10

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 11

How would acidification of seawater most likely affect marine organisms such as corals and shellfish?

Accepted Answer

It would decrease the availability of carbonate ions, making it harder for them to build shells.

Question 12

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar substances that repel water

Question 13

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 14

Plant chloroplasts convert energy from sunlight into which of the following forms?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy stored in glucose

Question 15

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to:

Accepted Answer

Serve as a template for protein synthesis

Question 16

The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in its outermost shell

Question 17

The process of science involves testing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses

Question 18

What structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

Accepted Answer

Their side chains (R groups)

Question 19

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis breaks them down.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about buffer solutions is true?

Accepted Answer

They maintain a relatively constant pH when acids or bases are added.

General Biology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions

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