Question 1

A controlled experiment is best described as one in which:

Accepted Answer

All variables are kept constant except for one that is manipulated.

Question 2

A covalent bond is formed by:

Accepted Answer

The sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 3

A nucleotide is composed of which three components?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a five-carbon sugar.

Question 4

A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which domain?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 5

All the organisms on your campus make up:

Accepted Answer

A community

Question 6

All the living things on Earth, along with all the places where life exists, are collectively described by which term?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere

Question 7

Charles Darwin proposed that 'descent with modification' resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Heritable traits that enhance survival and reproductive success.

Question 8

An ionic bond is formed by:

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 9

Given only a mass number, one can deduce the number of ________ in each atom of an element.

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Question 10

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 11

How would acidification of seawater most likely affect marine organisms such as corals and shellfish?

Accepted Answer

It would decrease the availability of carbonate ions, making it harder for them to build shells.

Question 12

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are:

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.

Question 13

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

Accepted Answer

The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds (high heat of vaporization).

Question 14

Plant chloroplasts convert energy from sunlight to which of the following forms of energy or matter?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy stored in sugar molecules.

Question 15

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to:

Accepted Answer

Function in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 16

The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Question 17

The process of science involves testing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses

Question 18

What structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

Accepted Answer

The composition of their side chains (R groups).

Question 19

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about buffer solutions is true?

Accepted Answer

They maintain a relatively constant pH when acids or bases are added.

General Biology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions

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