Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible layer with proteins embedded or attached, allowing lateral movement of components.

Question 2

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of mitochondria. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through aerobic respiration

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why chemical energy in food is considered potential energy?

Accepted Answer

It is energy stored in the bonds of molecules, which can be released during chemical reactions.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the greatest amount of ATP, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for the accumulation of lactic acid in their muscles?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic metabolism (fermentation)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pair in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine – Thymine

Question 10

A mutation changes a DNA codon from $$\mathrm{GAA} to$$ $$\mathrm{GAG}$$, but both code for glutamic acid. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 11

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 12

If a diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 13

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variability in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 14

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal vision and $$n is $$red-green color blindness) has a child with a man who is $$X^n Y. $$What is the probability their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple traits.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the elimination of poorly adapted phenotypes from a population?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or coat color.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, phenotype is the observable trait.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a codominant inheritance pattern in humans?

Accepted Answer

AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed equally.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the bottleneck effect in a population?

Accepted Answer

A sudden reduction in population size due to a disaster, resulting in a loss of genetic variation.

General Biology Study Notes: Cells, Energy, Genetics, and Evolution

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