Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which feature is unique to eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, no nucleus, and circular DNA. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 4

Which of the following is a major ecological significance of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter.

Question 5

Which chemical property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 6

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the unique properties of water, such as high specific heat and cohesion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a class of macromolecule found in cells?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 8

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy required for the reaction

Question 10

Which equation best represents the movement of water across a cell membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p $$

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell, but the cell wall prevents it from bursting.

Question 12

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Brownian movement?

Accepted Answer

The random movement of particles due to kinetic energy.

Question 14

Which statement about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semi-conservative, with each new molecule containing one old and one new strand.

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication and also has proofreading ability?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 16

A mutation in DNA can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Can result in a change in protein structure and function.

Question 17

Which of the following is a method by which bacteria can transfer genes, contributing to genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the significance of prokaryotes in the Tree of Life?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes represent the earliest forms of life and are ancestors to all other life forms.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of proteins in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and facilitate transport of molecules.

Question 20

Which experiment provided evidence that DNA is the hereditary material?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment

General Biology Study Notes: Cells, Macromolecules, Cell Membrane, and DNA (lecture 3 + 4 + 5)

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