Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in animal nutrition?

Accepted Answer

They act as the primary energy source and are a component of some proteins; they are also a source of carbon.

Question 2

Which phase of food processing in animals is responsible for the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an essential nutrient for animals?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the animal

Question 4

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule from glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 6

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis)

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fermentation occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is limited, so cells regenerate $$\mathrm{NAD}^+ by $$converting pyruvate to lactate.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about catabolic and anabolic pathways is true?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down molecules to release energy, while anabolic pathways use energy to build complex molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$4 CO$_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of minerals in animal nutrition?

Accepted Answer

They serve as cofactors for enzymes and are critical for bone, muscle, and nervous system function.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$and chemical reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A reaction with a negative $$\Delta G is $$exergonic and releases energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Source of amino acids for protein synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 16

Which of the following is a reactant in the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 17

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are important coenzymes; water-soluble vitamins are not stored, while fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation regenerates $$\mathrm{NAD}^+ by $$reducing pyruvate to lactate; alcoholic fermentation regenerates $$\mathrm{NAD}^+ by $$converting pyruvate to ethanol and CO$$_2.$$

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and creates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane.

General Biology Study Notes: Nutrition, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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