Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A proposed explanation or prediction that is testable and potentially falsifiable.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test whether a new fertilizer increases plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. She measures the height of the plants after four weeks. What type of experimental design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Controlled experiment

Question 3

Which property of life is demonstrated when a cell maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 4

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.

Question 5

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She keeps all other variables constant except temperature. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Question 6

Which functional group is found in ATP and is responsible for its ability to store and release energy?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water molecules are polar?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 8

Which statement about macromolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of sugar monomers.

Question 9

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. This change affects which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

The coordinated contraction of heart muscle cells resulting in a heartbeat.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about evolution is supported by scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Accepted Answer

They are isomers of each other.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.

Question 15

A molecule has the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of macromolecule does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 16

Which of the following statements about controlled experiments is correct?

Accepted Answer

Controlled experiments allow scientists to test the effect of one variable while keeping others constant.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property that emerges at the level of the cell but is not present in its individual molecules?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and a law in science?

Accepted Answer

A law describes what always happens; a theory explains why it happens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function; changing the structure can alter the function.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores the potential to react with water, which releases energy.

General Biology Unit One: Nature of Science, Properties of Life, and Biological Molecules

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