Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents, allowing for independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis.

Question 2

During meiosis, which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 3

If an organism has a diploid number of chromosomes $$2n = 8$$, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in its gametes due to independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 4

Which statement correctly describes autosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are all chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.

Question 5

A karyotype is most useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Question 7

In humans, how many autosomes are present in a typical somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

22 pairs

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique daughter cells.

Question 9

Which process restores the diploid number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 10

If a human sperm cell contains $$n = 23$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in the resulting zygote after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Question 12

Which statement best explains the random nature of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Any sperm can fertilize any egg, resulting in millions of possible chromosome combinations.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 14

A mutation occurs in a gene on the X chromosome. Which individual is most likely to express the mutation?

Accepted Answer

A male with one X and one Y chromosome

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary significance of genetic variation produced by meiosis and fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It allows populations to adapt to changing environments through natural selection.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during mitosis

Question 17

If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, what is the chromosome number in each resulting gamete?

Accepted Answer

Half the diploid number

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, while gametes are haploid.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A single fertilized egg splits into two embryos.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the number of possible gamete combinations in humans is so high?

Accepted Answer

Humans have a large number of chromosomes, and independent assortment during meiosis creates many possible combinations.

Genetic Variation, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction: Study Guide

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