Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia persists in certain populations, despite being a potentially lethal genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Carriers of the sickle cell allele have a survival advantage in regions with high malaria prevalence.

Question 2

A child is born with achondroplasia, a condition caused by a dominant allele (D). If both parents are heterozygous (Dd), what is the probability that their child will NOT have achondroplasia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which statement about DNA structure is correct according to Chargaff's rules?

Accepted Answer

The amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine.

Question 4

In a pedigree chart for a recessive X-linked disorder, which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Males with one affected X chromosome.

Question 5

During protein synthesis, what is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Question 6

If a protein is made of 200 amino acids, how many nucleotides are required to code for it?

Accepted Answer

$$600$$

Question 7

Which process describes the conversion of genetic information from DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 8

A woman who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis (recessive allele) and a man who is not a carrier have a child. What is the probability that the child will be a carrier?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Coding for genetic information

Question 11

A pedigree shows that shaded individuals are sick. What does this indicate about the inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Shaded individuals express the disease phenotype.

Question 12

Which statement about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It converts mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.

Question 14

A male with hemophilia (X-linked recessive) and a female who is not a carrier have children. What is the probability that their sons will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They link amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the inheritance of dominant traits?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with one copy of the dominant allele will show the trait.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 19

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the complementary RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-UAGC-3'

Question 20

Which of the following statements about polypeptides is correct?

Accepted Answer

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that folds into a protein.

Genetics, DNA Structure, and Protein Synthesis: Core Concepts in General Biology

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