Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to perform more complex functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize cellular processes.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed surface texture of a virus particle. Which type of microscope should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope, because it provides high-resolution images of surface structures.

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is directly responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

If the radius of a spherical cell doubles, by what factor does its surface area increase?

Accepted Answer

By a factor of 4

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, and is involved in cell movement.

Question 6

A patient is given an antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis. Which type of cell will be most affected by this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacterial cells

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 8

Why are most cells small in size? Choose the best explanation.

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 10

A researcher wants to study the movement of proteins from the nucleus to the plasma membrane in a living cell. Which type of microscope would be most appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscope

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm; eukaryotic DNA is linear and found in a nucleus.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis do not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 13

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area of a sphere, such as a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 18

If a eukaryotic cell is missing its cytoskeletal filaments, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose its shape and be unable to move or divide properly.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that affects their response to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer, making them more susceptible to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis.

Internal Organization of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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