Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the surface texture of a living white blood cell. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope, because it provides detailed images of cell surfaces.

Question 3

Why are cells generally small in size? Use the concept of surface area to volume ratio in your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Because a larger surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 5

Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Why does penicillin kill bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 7

A cell increases its size from $$1 \mu m to$$ $$3 \mu m in $$diameter. By what factor does its surface area increase?

Accepted Answer

By a factor of 9

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It maintains cell shape, enables movement, and organizes cell contents.

Question 10

A researcher uses a fluorescence microscope to study a cell. What is the main advantage of this technique?

Accepted Answer

It enables specific labeling and visualization of proteins or organelles.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 12

Which structure is the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to lack microtubules. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why electron microscopes can resolve much smaller structures than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes proteins for the cell

Question 16

Which organelle contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular components?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a circular chromosome and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores genetic information and coordinates cellular activities.

Question 19

If a cell's surface area increases by a factor of 4, by what factor does its volume increase, assuming the cell maintains its shape?

Accepted Answer

By a factor of 8 (since volume increases with the cube of the linear dimension, while surface area increases with the square)

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in all cells.

Internal Organization of Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Structure

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