Q: Which of the following equations best represents the general process of protein sorting via co-translational transport?

$$ \text{Ribosome}_{\text{ER}} + \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}_{\text{ER}} \rightarrow \text{Final Destination} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes post-translational transport of proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are transported to their final destination after complete synthesis on free or bound ribosomes.

Question 2

A mutation prevents a protein from entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during its synthesis. Which protein sorting pathway is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Co-translational transport

Question 3

Which of the following statements about co-translational transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are transported into the ER while they are still being synthesized on ribosomes.

Question 4

A scientist observes a newly synthesized protein in the cytosol that is destined for the mitochondria. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for its sorting?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational transport from free ribosomes

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why some proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes while others are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the ER?

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for secretion or for the endomembrane system are synthesized on ER-bound ribosomes, while cytosolic and organelle-targeted proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes.

Question 6

A protein is found to be mislocalized in the cytosol instead of the lysosome. Which step in protein sorting is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

The signal sequence for ER targeting during co-translational transport

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the difference between co-translational and post-translational transport?

Accepted Answer

A protein is transported into the ER as it is being synthesized, while another is fully synthesized in the cytosol before being imported into the mitochondria.

Question 8

If a protein is completely synthesized on a free ribosome and then transported to its final destination, which type of protein sorting is this?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational transport

Question 9

A researcher is studying a protein that is secreted from the cell. Which of the following pathways does this protein most likely follow?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized on ER-bound ribosomes and transported via the secretory pathway

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the general process of protein sorting via co-translational transport?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Ribosome}_{	ext{ER}} + 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}_{	ext{ER}} ightarrow 	ext{Final Destination} $$

Question 11

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents proteins from being transported into the ER during synthesis. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hormones and enzymes

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between co-translational and post-translational protein sorting?

Accepted Answer

Co-translational sorting involves transport into the ER during synthesis, while post-translational sorting involves transport after synthesis is complete.

Question 13

A protein destined for the nucleus is synthesized in the cytosol. Which sorting mechanism is responsible for its localization?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational transport from free ribosomes

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins destined for the endomembrane system are synthesized on ER-bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

The ER provides the necessary environment for protein folding and modification during synthesis.

Question 15

A newly discovered protein is found to be synthesized on free ribosomes and later imported into peroxisomes. Which type of protein sorting does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational transport

Intracellular Sorting of Proteins: Co-Translational and Post-Translational Transport

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