Question 1

Which of the following best describes isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 2

Given an atom with an atomic number of 8, a mass number of 18, and a net charge of $$-2$$, how many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$

Question 3

A mutation in a gene can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

All of the above might occur as a result of a mutation

Question 4

At which level of biological organization does the property of life first emerge?

Accepted Answer

Cells

Question 5

Which of the following elements of evolution is considered random?

Accepted Answer

Mutations (variation)

Question 6

A patient has a hemoglobin mutation that causes the molecules to stick together, distorting red blood cells. This is an example of which biological theme?

Accepted Answer

Structure gives rise to function

Question 7

Which process directly produces HBB protein in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 9

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons, what is its net charge?

Accepted Answer

$$-2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of carbon only

Question 11

A scientist discovers two atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons. What are these atoms called?

Accepted Answer

Ions

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia is considered an example of 'structure gives rise to function'?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid change alters hemoglobin's shape, affecting its function

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

A change in the encoded protein's amino acid sequence

Question 14

Which of the following is an emergent property at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

The ability to metabolize nutrients

Question 15

If a mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$\mathrm{GAG} to$$ $$\mathrm{GTG} in $$the HBB gene, what is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

A different amino acid is incorporated into the hemoglobin protein

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype through the expression of proteins

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} 	o \mathrm{RNA} 	o \mathrm{Protein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in biology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why molecules are not considered alive, but cells are?

Accepted Answer

Cells exhibit emergent properties such as metabolism and reproduction, which molecules do not

Question 20

A scientist is studying a population of bacteria. She observes that a random change in DNA leads to a new trait. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Introduction to General Biology: Chemistry Primer and Core Themes

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