Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to maintain homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

A patient presents with excessive urination and thirst. Laboratory tests reveal normal blood glucose levels but low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in partial charges.

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for forming the bulk of the cytoplasmic membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 6

If a person’s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is measured at 130 mL/dL and their 2-hour glucose tolerance is 210 mL/dL, which diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom attracts electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms, creating partial charges.

Question 8

Which tissue type is specialized for communication via electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a barrier and forms transport membranes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of glucose.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is characterized by an extracellular matrix that provides physical support.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of table salt (sodium chloride) via ionic bonding?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na^+} + \mathrm{Cl^-} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of positive feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 16

A person with a body temperature of 39°C experiences sweating and vasodilation. Which physiological principle is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback to restore homeostasis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains have no double bonds, allowing tight packing.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It exerts mechanical force to produce movement.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems

Introduction to Human Physiology: Organization, Homeostasis, and Basic Chemistry

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