Question 1

Which of the following best describes a catabolic pathway in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During an exergonic reaction, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The change in Gibbs free energy ($$ \Delta G ) is $$negative.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Question 4

A scientist measures the $$ \Delta G  of a $$reaction and finds it to be +12 kcal/mol. What can be concluded about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is endergonic and requires energy input.

Question 5

Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells, and how much energy is released upon its hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP; 7.3 kcal/mol

Question 6

In the context of redox reactions during cellular respiration, what happens to glucose and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide; oxygen is reduced to water.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ATP hydrolysis is often coupled to endergonic reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

The energy released from ATP hydrolysis ($$ \Delta G = -7.3 \ 	ext{kcal/mol} ) $$can drive non-spontaneous reactions.

Question 8

A kangaroo rat is fed 100g of seeds and gains 60g of water. Which process contributes to this water gain, aside from water in food?

Accepted Answer

Water produced by metabolic reactions, such as cellular respiration.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is correct?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is the oxidized form that accepts electrons during redox reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 11

A patient is unable to efficiently carry out oxidative phosphorylation. Which part of the mitochondrion is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

The inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of the overall equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why energy is released when glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The electrons in glucose are transferred to oxygen, which has a higher affinity for electrons, releasing energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 15

If a cell needs to move ions against their concentration gradient, which type of work and energy source is required?

Accepted Answer

Transport work using ATP hydrolysis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the coupling of exergonic and endergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions provide the energy required to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

FAD is reduced to FADH2, which carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 18

A mutation prevents a cell from regenerating ATP from ADP. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The cell's ability to perform chemical, mechanical, and transport work.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build molecules.

Lecture 12 Notes - Introduction to Metabolism: Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways in Biology

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