Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy, while anabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

A reaction has a negative change in free energy ($$\Delta G \u003c 0). $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and occurs spontaneously.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Which of the following best represents the overall chemical equation for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Which of the following best explains why this disease occurs?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that must be regularly consumed because it is not stored in the body.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases up to an optimum temperature, then decreases as the enzyme denatures.

Question 9

A metabolic pathway is regulated by feedback inhibition. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The end product of the pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to living systems?

Accepted Answer

Living systems maintain order by increasing the entropy of their surroundings.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.

Question 12

A scientist measures the free energy change ($$\Delta G) of a $$reaction and finds it to be positive. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is endergonic and requires an input of energy to proceed.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme used in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 14

Which of the following statements about allosteric regulation of enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and function.

Question 15

A metabolic pathway converts substrate A to product D through intermediates B and C. If enzyme 2 (which converts B to C) is inhibited, what will happen to the concentrations of A, B, C, and D?

Accepted Answer

A and B will accumulate, while C and D will decrease.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a spontaneous process in biology?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from the lungs into the blood.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are stored in the body and can accumulate to toxic levels.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a genetic mutation that causes a deficiency in a cofactor required for a key metabolic enzyme. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's activity will be reduced or absent, leading to metabolic problems.

Lecture 11 Notes - Introduction to Metabolism: Principles and Pathways

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