Q: Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic structure with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 2

A freshwater protozoan is placed in a saltwater environment. Which of the following best describes the tonicity and the likely effect on the protozoan?

Accepted Answer

The saltwater is hypertonic, and the protozoan will lose water and shrink.

Question 3

Which process requires the direct input of energy, often in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and neither swells nor shrinks. What is the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

They allow water to diffuse rapidly across the membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The use of ATP hydrolysis to drive an endergonic reaction.

Question 7

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of feedback inhibition in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A product of the pathway binds to an enzyme early in the pathway and decreases its activity.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 10

A cell needs to import large quantities of cholesterol. Which process is most likely to be used?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 13

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water and may burst.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of glucose into a cell via a carrier protein down its concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cells require osmoregulation?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of water and solutes to prevent excessive swelling or shrinking.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A hot object cools down to room temperature, increasing the disorder of the surroundings.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

A metabolic pathway is regulated by the end product binding to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing a conformational change. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Noncompetitive inhibition

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate more snugly upon binding.

Question 20

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A non-protein organic molecule that assists enzyme function, such as NAD+

Key Terms and Concepts: Membrane Structure, Transport, and Metabolism

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