Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between polymers and monomers in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are large molecules made from smaller monomers joined together.

Question 2

During the synthesis of a polymer, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; byproduct is $$H_2O$$

Question 3

Which of the following biological molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 4

A student is studying the breakdown of starch in the human body. Which reaction and molecule are directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction; $$H_2O is $$added

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid: nucleotide

Question 6

Which type of bond forms between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. What is the key structural difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains alpha ($$\alpha) $$glycosidic linkages, while cellulose contains beta ($$\beta) $$linkages.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major function of fats in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and insulation

Question 9

A triacylglycerol (fat) molecule is formed by joining which components, and through what type of linkage?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol; joined by ester linkages

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have two fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, defense, transport, and structural support

Question 12

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure due to high temperature. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded polymer of deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases (C, G, A, T)

Question 14

Which process describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

Replication $$\rightarrow$$ Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Transport protein: hemoglobin

Question 16

Which of the following statements about genomics is true?

Accepted Answer

Genomics involves analyzing large sets of genes or comparing whole genomes of different species.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are composed mainly of non-polar hydrocarbon regions.

Question 18

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' $$\rightarrow 3$$', and the other runs 3' $$\rightarrow 5$$'.

Large Biological Molecules: Structures and Functions

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