Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major themes in biology as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Theory of Gravity

Question 2

During digestion, which chemical process breaks down polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 3

A person who is lactose intolerant is missing which ability?

Accepted Answer

Produce the enzyme lactase

Question 4

Which macromolecule is NOT represented in the nutrition label of an apple?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 5

Why can mammals digest starch and glycogen but not cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Mammals lack the enzyme to break the specific bonds in cellulose

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is consistent with dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell builds cellulose from products of photosynthesis

Question 7

How many unique dipeptides can be made from 20 different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$400$$

Question 8

Which type of bond holds the primary structure of a protein together?

Accepted Answer

Peptide (covalent) bonds

Question 9

What is the main reason two amino acids far apart in the primary structure can interact in the tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Their R groups can form chemical interactions

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of cooking an egg on the proteins in the egg white?

Accepted Answer

Secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted

Question 11

Which process is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 12

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 13

What is the main function of phospholipids in transporting fats in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They form amphiphilic structures that allow fats to be carried in water-based fluids

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of the theme 'Structure and Function'?

Accepted Answer

The bladder is able to hold large amounts of urine because it is an expandable sac

Question 15

Which equation best represents the transformation of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation in the gene encoding fibrillin-1?

Accepted Answer

Marfan Syndrome

Question 17

Which molecular force is primarily responsible for holding the secondary structure of proteins together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure involves interactions between R groups

Question 19

If a mutation changes a hydrophobic amino acid to a hydrophilic one in a protein, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure may be altered, affecting function

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why microbes can digest cellulose but mammals cannot?

Accepted Answer

Microbes produce enzymes that hydrolyze the covalent bonds in cellulose

Major Themes and Macromolecules in General Biology

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