Question 1

Which statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 4

Which macromolecules are major components of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 5

According to the fluid mosaic model, which statement is true about membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins can move laterally within the lipid bilayer.

Question 6

Which type of amino acid would you expect to find in the transmembrane region of an integral membrane protein?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic amino acids

Question 7

A cell membrane is described as selectively permeable. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Some substances cross more easily than others.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

What is the main role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol acts as a buffer, reducing fluidity at moderate temperatures and preventing solidification at low temperatures.

Question 10

Which equation best represents the second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy ($$S) in a $$closed system?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta S \u003e 0$$

Question 11

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the water movement across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water will move in and out at equal rates, with no net change.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules can most easily cross the lipid bilayer without a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 13

Which type of transport involves the movement of large molecules, such as proteins, into the cell via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes cotransport in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

The downhill diffusion of one solute is coupled to the active transport of another solute against its gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A room becoming more disordered over time unless energy is used to clean it.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about hydrophobic interactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic interactions increase entropy by freeing water molecules when hydrophobic groups cluster together.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition by acting as markers on the cell surface.

Question 19

A triglyceride is formed by the ester linkage of fatty acids to which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol

Question 20

Which of the following equations represents the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

ch.7 Membrane Structure and Function: Thermodynamics, Lipids, and Transport

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