Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the membrane from becoming too rigid at low temperatures and too fluid at high temperatures.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules would most likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6)$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to function and is an example of primary active transport.

Question 5

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks all ATP production. Which of the following processes would be LEAST affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 7

During intense exercise, muscle cells switch to fermentation. What is the primary reason for this metabolic shift?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue in the absence of sufficient oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about exergonic and endergonic reactions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions have a negative $$\Delta G$$ and are spontaneous.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required to reach the transition state.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration and vice versa.

Question 12

Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct net equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 15

A plant is exposed only to green light. What is the most likely effect on the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease because chlorophyll reflects green light.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of photosystem II (PSII) in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It splits water to provide electrons and releases O$$_2.$$

Question 17

In a closed system containing only animals, what will happen to the levels of O$$_2$$, CO$$_2$$, and glucose over time?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$ will decrease, CO$$_2$$ will increase, and glucose will decrease.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plants need both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts capture light energy to make sugars, while mitochondria break down sugars to make ATP.

Membrane Structure, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: Study Guide Chapters 5-8

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