Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the lipid bilayer of cell membranes is selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

Only nonpolar molecules and small uncharged polar molecules can diffuse through the bilayer easily.

Question 2

A patient is unable to absorb glucose efficiently due to a genetic mutation affecting a membrane protein. Which type of protein is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport protein

Question 3

Which equation best represents the rate of diffusion ($$J) of a $$solute across a membrane according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{(C_2$ - C_1$)}{d}$$

Question 4

Which of the following substances would most likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

A researcher observes that water molecules move rapidly across a cell membrane. Which protein is most likely facilitating this movement?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporin

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ECM provides structural support and helps coordinate cellular activities.

Question 7

Which cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the leakage of extracellular fluid between cells.

Question 10

Which component of the plant cell wall is primarily responsible for its rigidity and strength?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 11

A mutation causes a defect in integrin proteins in animal cells. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix

Question 12

Which of the following is a major difference between plasmodesmata in plant cells and gap junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata allow passage of proteins and RNA, while gap junctions only allow ions and small molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins.

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of desmosomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Strong adhesion to adjacent cells under mechanical stress

Question 15

Which of the following molecules would diffuse most slowly through a pure phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 16

Which formula best represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 18

A scientist is studying the movement of sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$into a cell. Which process is most likely responsible for this movement if it occurs against the concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate cell-cell recognition and signaling.

Question 20

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of secondary cell walls. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The plant cell would have reduced structural support and rigidity.

Membrane Structure, Selective Permeability, and Extracellular Components in Cells

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