Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose to use pea plants for his genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have many distinct varieties and allow controlled mating, making them ideal for studying inheritance.

Question 2

Mendel’s law of segregation states that:

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 3

A cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Pp × Pp) for flower color results in which phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 5

In the ABO blood group system, which genotype(s) result in blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 7

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which result would indicate the individual is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Half the offspring display the dominant phenotype and half display the recessive phenotype.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans, which shows a continuous range of phenotypes

Question 9

If a woman with genotype $$I^A i$$ and a man with genotype $$I^B i$$ have children, what is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Mendel’s law of independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 11

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carriers of recessive genetic disorders are typically healthy?

Accepted Answer

The dominant allele produces enough functional protein to mask the effect of the recessive allele.

Question 13

A man with achondroplasia (a dominant disorder) marries a woman of average height. What is the probability that their child will have achondroplasia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with both A and B antigens on their red blood cells

Question 15

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits (AaBb × AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 16

A woman who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive) and a man who is not a carrier have a child. What is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype, but phenotype can also be influenced by the environment.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial trait?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans, influenced by both genes and nutrition

Question 19

If a gene has three alleles in a population, how many different genotypes are possible for this gene?

Accepted Answer

6 (calculated as $$\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$$, where $$n=3)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects the expression of another gene.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Foundations of Classical Genetics

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