Q: Which equation represents the probability of obtaining a YYRR genotype from a dihybrid cross (YyRr × YyRr)?

$$\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

The two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

In Mendel’s pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for flower color when crossing two F1 hybrids?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 3

A pea plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another Pp plant. What is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 4

Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a gene?

Accepted Answer

Homozygote

Question 5

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. If some offspring display the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the mystery parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the law of independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It applies only to genes on different, nonhomologous chromosomes or those far apart on the same chromosome.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr × YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 8

Which equation represents the probability of obtaining a YYRR genotype from a dihybrid cross (YyRr × YyRr)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4} 	imes \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 9

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 10

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group will have which blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 11

Which genetic phenomenon describes a single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits, as seen in sickle-cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 12

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes. If a BbEe dog is crossed with another BbEe dog, what is the expected ratio of black:chocolate:yellow offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:4

Question 13

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes independently affect a single trait.

Question 14

Hydrangea flowers grown in acidic soil with free aluminum turn blue, while those grown in basic soil turn pink. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 15

Which of the following is true about recessively inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

They show up only in individuals homozygous for the allele.

Question 16

A couple, both carriers for albinism (Aa), have a child. What is the probability that their child will have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 17

Sickle-cell disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A recessive allele resulting in abnormal hemoglobin.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a dominantly inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia

Question 19

If a person with genotype Dd (dwarfism) mates with a person with genotype dd (normal), what proportion of their children are expected to have dwarfism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles are not necessarily more common in populations than recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles can be rare due to mutation and selection pressures.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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