Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each organism inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent, and these alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 2

A cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Pp x Pp) for flower color results in which phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 4

In humans, cystic fibrosis is caused by a single gene that affects multiple organ systems. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 5

If a homozygous dominant individual (AA) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aa), what will be the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

Aa

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequency depends on evolutionary forces, not dominance.

Question 7

A man with blood type AB marries a woman with blood type O. What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A, B

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates epistasis?

Accepted Answer

One gene determines whether pigment is produced, and another gene determines the color of the pigment.

Question 9

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes (YyRr x YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 11

A genetic counselor is analyzing a pedigree for a rare recessive disorder. Which pattern would most likely indicate a recessive inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Affected children are born to unaffected parents.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait, such as skin color.

Question 13

A plant with genotype PpTt (P = purple, p = white, T = tall, t = short) is self-crossed. What fraction of the offspring will be purple and tall if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9/16$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about Mendel’s experiments is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

He observed blending inheritance in all traits.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why humans are not ideal subjects for classic Mendelian genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

Humans have long generation times and produce few offspring.

Question 16

A woman with genotype IAi (blood type A) and a man with genotype IBi (blood type B) have a child. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a dominant trait that is rare in the population?

Accepted Answer

Polydactyly (extra fingers or toes)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype, but can be influenced by the environment.

Question 19

In a biochemical pathway for melanin production, albinism occurs when both alleles at a locus are defective. What does this indicate about the normal allele?

Accepted Answer

One normal allele produces as much melanin as two normal alleles.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a deviation from Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of independent assortment

Mendelian Genetics and Extensions: Study Notes for General Biology

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