Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's particulate theory of inheritance was a significant departure from the blending theory?

Accepted Answer

It proposed that traits are inherited as discrete units that remain unchanged across generations.

Question 2

In Mendel’s experiments, why was it important to use true-breeding pea plants for the parental (P) generation?

Accepted Answer

True-breeding plants ensure that observed traits are not influenced by hidden alleles, providing consistent and predictable results.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 4

A cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Pp × Pp) for flower color results in which phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group expresses both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 6

Which genetic phenomenon explains why Labrador retrievers can have yellow, black, or brown coats due to the interaction of two genes?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 7

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 8

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 9

If a woman with blood type AB ($$I^A I^B) $$has a child with a man with blood type O ($$ii$$), what are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios illustrates polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is determined by the additive effects of several genes.

Question 11

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a white-flowered plant. If all offspring have purple flowers, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant ($$PP)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell disease is more common in regions where malaria is prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes for the sickle-cell allele have increased resistance to malaria.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a reason why humans are poor subjects for Mendelian genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

Humans have a short generation time.

Question 14

A genetic counselor is working with a couple, both of whom are carriers for cystic fibrosis ($$Ff). $$What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the physical basis for Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 16

A woman who is a carrier for albinism ($$Aa) $$and a man who is also a carrier ($$Aa) $$have a child. What is the probability that the child will NOT have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{4}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial trait?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans, which is influenced by both genetics and nutrition.

Question 18

If a genetic disorder is caused by a dominant allele, what is the probability that a child will inherit the disorder if one parent is heterozygous ($$Dd) $$and the other is homozygous recessive ($$dd$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Mendelian Genetics and the Principles of Heredity

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드