Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a character and a trait in Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

A character is a heritable feature, while a trait is a specific variant of that feature.

Question 2

Why were pea plants ideal for Mendel’s genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have a short generation time, produce many offspring, and their mating can be controlled.

Question 3

Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that:

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation.

Question 4

If a pea plant with genotype $$Pp is $$self-pollinated, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of purple to white flowers in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 5

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which result would indicate the individual is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Half the offspring have the dominant phenotype and half have the recessive phenotype.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between two $$YyRr$$ pea plants, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $$yyrr$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 8

Which scenario is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles in the heterozygote are fully expressed.

Question 10

A man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 11

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 12

In Labrador retrievers, one gene determines pigment color (B = black, b = brown) and another gene (E = color, e = no color) determines whether pigment is deposited. What is the phenotype of a dog with genotype $$bbEe$$?

Accepted Answer

Brown

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Question 14

Hydrangea flowers of the same genetic variety are blue in acidic soil and pink in basic soil. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Environmental influence on phenotype

Question 15

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 16

Which of the following statements about recessively inherited disorders is correct?

Accepted Answer

They appear only in individuals who are homozygous for the allele.

Question 17

If two carriers of a recessive disorder mate, what is the probability that their child will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a multifactorial disorder?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Question 19

A couple each has a sibling with a recessively inherited disease, but neither parent has the disease. What is the probability that their child will have the disease? (Assume both sets of parents are carriers.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{9}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the multiplication rule in probability as applied to genetics?

Accepted Answer

The probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

Mendelian Genetics: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

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