Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input, while catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

A bear eats a fish and uses the energy to swim. According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens to the energy from the fish?

Accepted Answer

The energy is transformed into different forms, such as kinetic energy for movement and heat, but is not destroyed.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose molecules stored in the liver.

Question 4

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy transformations increase the disorder (entropy) of the universe. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates this law?

Accepted Answer

A car engine converting gasoline into motion and heat, with some energy lost as heat to the environment.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about exergonic and endergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy and have a negative $$\Delta G$$, while endergonic reactions require energy input and have a positive $$\Delta G.$$

Question 7

A student is studying the breakdown of starch in the human body. What type of metabolic pathway is this, and what form of energy does starch represent?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathway; potential energy

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why all chemical reactions require an input of activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Activation energy is needed to break existing bonds and allow the reaction to proceed.

Question 9

In a biological system, which of the following would be considered an example of kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A bird flying through the air.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 11

A reaction has $$\Delta G = -15 kJ/$$mol. Which of the following is true about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is exergonic and will occur spontaneously.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of the second law of thermodynamics in action?

Accepted Answer

A living cell converting glucose to ATP with some energy lost as heat.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 14

A scientist measures the entropy ($$S) $$and enthalpy ($$H) $$changes of a reaction at a constant temperature ($$T). $$Which formula should they use to calculate the change in free energy ($$\Delta G$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in a living cell?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Question 16

If a reaction in a cell is spontaneous, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$negative.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

They allow reactions to occur at a rate compatible with life by lowering activation energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy discussed in the context of biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear energy

Question 19

A reaction in a cell has a positive $$\Delta G. $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is endergonic and requires an input of energy.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between entropy and the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The second law states that energy transformations increase the entropy of the universe.

Metabolism and Bioenergetics: Study Notes for General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드