Question 1

Which of the following best describes an anabolic pathway in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that synthesizes larger molecules from smaller components, often requiring energy input in the form of ATP.

Question 2

During a redox reaction in cellular respiration, which statement is true about the molecule that is reduced?

Accepted Answer

It gains electrons and hydrogen atoms, increasing its potential energy.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules acts as an electron carrier during cellular respiration and is reduced when it accepts electrons?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 4

Consider the following equation for the oxidation of glucose: $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}. $$What happens to the potential energy of the electrons as glucose is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

The electrons are transferred to oxygen, which has a higher reduction potential, and their potential energy decreases.

Question 5

Which process in cellular respiration directly produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 6

A cell is exposed to a toxin that creates pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane. What is the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis is inhibited due to leakage of hydrogen ions, collapsing the proton gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has the highest reduction potential, allowing it to accept electrons most effectively.

Question 8

If a cell has high levels of ATP, what effect does this have on the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

PFK-1 is inhibited, slowing down glycolysis.

Question 9

During lactic acid fermentation, how is ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

By substrate-level phosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 10

A patient inhales radioactive $$\mathrm{O_2$}$$ during a medical test. Which molecule in their cells will first acquire radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 11

If radioactive glucose is fed to a mouse, which sequence best describes the path of radioactivity through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose to pyruvate to citric acid cycle to carbon dioxide

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a defect in the electron transport chain, such as exposure to cyanide?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation is halted, leading to rapid cell death.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to lactate, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Question 14

After the citric acid cycle is complete, the original six carbons of the glucose molecule are found in which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP using the energy from the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key regulatory mechanism for both glycolysis and pyruvate processing?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition by ATP and NADH.

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \sim 29\ \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is produced as protons flow through ATP synthase, driven by a proton gradient.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if a cell is unable to regenerate NAD+ during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis would stop due to lack of NAD+, halting ATP production under anaerobic conditions.

Metabolism and Cellular Respiration: Chapter 9 Study Notes

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